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wherestip 
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
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Thanks for the links, QHE.
One word that caught my eye (from the 1st link) was the simple word "tea", among the following list of words borrowed from the Chinese language ...
Chinese chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee
(BTW, he forgot tofu, didn't he?  )
Interesting what I found by Googling on the web as to how the English word "tea" (and its pronunciation) came about ...
http://www.about-tea.com/2005/11/where_the_word_tea_comes_from.html
All tea comes originally from China so the word "tea" comes from there as well. Tea, in mandarin, is called cha but the dutch traders who first brought back tea in the early 1600s, bought it from traders on junk ships from the port of Amoy in Fujian province. In the Amoy dialect tea is te (pronounced "tay"). Hence the Dutch called it thee and, as they were the first importers of tea, they spread the word as well as the product. From there on, the French called it thé, the Germans thee, it became te for the Spanish, Italian, Danish, Norwegian, Hungarian people, tea in English, thea in Latin, tee in Finnish, teja in Latvian, tey in Tamil and thay in Sinhalese.
For those countries where the tea trade was either originally or mainly via the caravan routes over land, its the Chinese "cha" that is the most common root. It is cha in Japanese, Hindi and Persian, shai in Arabic, ja in Tibetan, chai in Russian and chay in Turkish.
http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Arts/7thingsabouttea/en/ch1_4_0.htm
In the early years, tea was not processed and has a bitter taste. For this reason it was known as tu, a general name for bitter vegetables. Over the centuries it had also been called jia, chuan, ming and she. In the mid 7th century, a cross stroke was taken away from the character "tu" and since then the plant has been known as cha (tea).
The word "tea" in different languages is invariable borrowed from the Chinese word cha. China is a country of numerous dialects. Historically, linguistic exchange with overseas were conducted in local dialects. The modern pronunciations of "tea" in different languages are either based on coastal Minnan dialects or the mainland Canton dialects.
In the Minnan dialects of Fujian province, tea is pronounced "té", as represented by the Amoy dialect. Amoy (Xiamen) was an important external port with a long history of shipping and export. The word "tea" in Dutch, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Czech, Hungarian and Latin is based on the pronunciation "té" of Minnan dialects. In Cantonese, tea is pronounced "chá". This gave rise to the word "tea" in Japanese, Russian, Indian, Iraqi, Turkish, Arabian and Portuguese.
[Edited at 2017-05-08 13:43 GMT]
| | | | ysun
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| wherestip
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
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| foot in one's mouth | May 8, 2017 |
ysun wrote:
"Grain in ear" earphone
This one sounds okay to me even without an article, since "grain-in-ear" in this case is a compound adjective.
"Foot-in-mouth syndrome" or "foot-in-mouth disease" kind of follows the same pattern.
| | | | wherestip
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| Head in "the" Sand | May 8, 2017 |
Not sure if there's any rules on this, but I've noticed people often dropping the definite article when they use a fixed phrase as a compound modifier that otherwise contains one.
... See more
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ysun
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| Burying one's head in the sand | May 9, 2017 |
wherestip wrote:
Not sure if there's any rules on this, but I've noticed people often dropping the definite article when they use a fixed phrase as a compound modifier that otherwise contains one.
Steve,
我也不知对此有无任何硬性规定。也许是各人的习惯不同吧。不过我个人认为，作为一种 fixed phrase，带定冠词的 "head-in-the-sand" 才是比较正规的说法，例如 "head-in-the-sand attitude"、"head-in-the-sand policy" 等。至于 "head-in-sand" 的说法，恐怕只有在绝大多数人都接受的情况下，才有可能流行起来。
类似地，中文成语“自欺欺人”，也有少数人写为“自骗骗人”。虽然后者也不能算错，不过迄今为止，恐怕还是不能被大多数人接受。而另一成语“掩耳盜鈴”，其实原为“掩耳盜钟”，但宋代以後逐渐演变为“掩耳盗铃”，“掩耳盗钟”的说法反而不大流行了。大概这也是约定俗成的原则在起作用吧。
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/80800.html
[Edited at 2017-05-10 00:35 GMT]
| | | | QHE
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
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વિષયની શરૂઆત કરનાર
ysun wrote: Burying one's head in the sand
wherestip wrote:
Not sure if there's any rules on this, but I've noticed people often dropping the definite article when they use a fixed phrase as a compound modifier that otherwise contains one.
Steve,
我也不知对此有无任何硬性规定。也许是各人的习惯不同吧。不过我个人认为，作为一种 fixed phrase，带定冠词的 "head-in-the-sand" 才是比较正规的说法，例如 "head-in-the-sand attitude"、"head-in-the-sand policy" 等。至于 "head-in-sand" 的说法，恐怕只有在绝大多数人都接受的情况下，才有可能流行起来。
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/80800.html
我也是这样认为。
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/sand_1
麦粒换沙粒： 沙粒灌耳 
| | | | QHE
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 11:15
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+ ...
વિષયની શરૂઆત કરનાર
wherestip wrote: 茶 与 荼
Thanks for the links, QHE.
One word that caught my eye (from the 1st link) was the simple word "tea", among the following list of words borrowed from the Chinese language ...
Chinese chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee
(BTW, he forgot tofu, didn't he? )
Interesting what I found by Googling on the web as to how the English word "tea" (and its pronunciation) came about ...
http://www.about-tea.com/2005/11/where_the_word_tea_comes_from.html
All tea comes originally from China so the word "tea" comes from there as well. Tea, in mandarin, is called cha but the dutch traders who first brought back tea in the early 1600s, bought it from traders on junk ships from the port of Amoy in Fujian province. In the Amoy dialect tea is te (pronounced "tay"). Hence the Dutch called it thee and, as they were the first importers of tea, they spread the word as well as the product. From there on, the French called it thé, the Germans thee, it became te for the Spanish, Italian, Danish, Norwegian, Hungarian people, tea in English, thea in Latin, tee in Finnish, teja in Latvian, tey in Tamil and thay in Sinhalese.
For those countries where the tea trade was either originally or mainly via the caravan routes over land, its the Chinese "cha" that is the most common root. It is cha in Japanese, Hindi and Persian, shai in Arabic, ja in Tibetan, chai in Russian and chay in Turkish.
http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Arts/7thingsabouttea/en/ch1_4_0.htm
In the early years, tea was not processed and has a bitter taste. For this reason it was known as tu, a general name for bitter vegetables. Over the centuries it had also been called jia, chuan, ming and she. In the mid 7th century, a cross stroke was taken away from the character "tu" and since then the plant has been known as cha (tea).
The word "tea" in different languages is invariable borrowed from the Chinese word cha. China is a country of numerous dialects. Historically, linguistic exchange with overseas were conducted in local dialects. The modern pronunciations of "tea" in different languages are either based on coastal Minnan dialects or the mainland Canton dialects.
In the Minnan dialects of Fujian province, tea is pronounced "té", as represented by the Amoy dialect. Amoy (Xiamen) was an important external port with a long history of shipping and export. The word "tea" in Dutch, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Czech, Hungarian and Latin is based on the pronunciation "té" of Minnan dialects. In Cantonese, tea is pronounced "chá". This gave rise to the word "tea" in Japanese, Russian, Indian, Iraqi, Turkish, Arabian and Portuguese.
Steve,
Thank you for sharing the interesting references regarding the etymology of “tea”, a simple yet mystic word (I must confess that I have overlooked the Chinese loanwords on that webpage ).
I’m amazed by the fact that the current distinct forms of the word (“tea”) across languages could fundamentally reflect the impact of the diverse ancient trade routes of tea.
[Edited at 2017-05-10 10:10 GMT]
| | | | pkchan
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 11:15
સભ્ય (2006)
અંગ્રેજી થી ચાઇનિઝ
+ ...
饮茶粤海未能忘
茶飯不思
茶餘飯後
粗茶淡飯
茶來伸手飯來張口
開門七件事柴米油鹽醬醋茶
一女不喫兩家茶
all the tea in China
be not (one's) cup of tea
a storm/tempest in a teakettle/teapot/teacup
tea and sympathy
http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/tea
[Edited at 2017-05-10 13:04 GMT]
[Edited at 2017-05-10 13:06 GMT]
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wherestip
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 10:15
ચાઇનિઝ થી અંગ્રેજી
+ ...
Speaking of "茶" and the Cantonese dialect ...
https://www.sohu.com/a/138962008_678264
居民“见惯风浪”、“看海饮茶”
由于多个地区严重水浸，不少居民出外时都十分狼狈，但当中也有例外，正当人人都手忙脚乱之际，有人身处洪水中仍处之泰然，淡定地饮茶，骑车，可谓见惯风浪。
番禺酒楼数枱茶客无惧水浸，照样喝茶。
有民众上传片段则可见，番禺区旧水坑村有酒楼依然生意甚好，数枱茶客均无惧水淹脚，照样饮茶。
[Edited at 2017-05-10 13:31 GMT]
| | | | wherestip
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 10:15
ચાઇનિઝ થી અંગ્રેજી
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| 叉烧 (Char Siu) | May 10, 2017 |
https://www.cookscountry.com/episode/485-chinese-comes-home
19:31
Chris Kimball:
… Putting the char back in the Char Siu …
21:22
Bridget Lancaster:
… I love these bits of really, really charred glaze on the top … it’s so good, yum …
21:27
Chris Kimball:
The fat got rendered, the outside’s ... See more https://www.cookscountry.com/episode/485-chinese-comes-home
19:31
Chris Kimball:
… Putting the char back in the Char Siu …
21:22
Bridget Lancaster:
… I love these bits of really, really charred glaze on the top … it’s so good, yum …
21:27
Chris Kimball:
The fat got rendered, the outside’s got that nice char to it … has great flavor ...
[Edited at 2017-05-10 13:17 GMT] ▲ Collapse
| | | | wherestip
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 10:15
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| "The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road" | May 10, 2017 |
QHE wrote:
I’m amazed by the fact that the current distinct forms of the word (“tea”) across languages could fundamentally reflect the impact of the diverse ancient trade routes of tea.
That's a good point. It kind of reminds one of China's current vision of "One Belt, One Road", doesn't it?
| | | | pkchan
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 11:15
સભ્ય (2006)
અંગ્રેજી થી ચાઇનિઝ
+ ...
茶馬古道是可與「絲綢之路」相媲美的中國古代商業路網，位處於中國西南部的橫斷山區與青藏高原之間，起自中國四川省的成都、雅安，雲南省的昆明、思茅等地，終點為西藏自治區的拉薩以及東南亞等地。路網遍布四川省、雲南省、貴州省和西藏自治區，橫跨長江（金沙江）、瀾滄江、怒江及雅魯藏布江等四大流域，為中國西南地區各民族間互通有無，進行經濟、文化交流的紐帶。
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wherestip
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
Local time: 10:15
ચાઇનિઝ થી અંગ્રેજી
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| China's Grand Plan | May 12, 2017 |
http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/asia/china-one-belt-one-road-explainer/index.html
Just what is this One Belt, One Road thing anyway?
By James Griffiths, CNN
Updated 10:16 PM ET, Thu May 11, 2017
Hong Kong (CNN)Spanning more than 68 countries and encompassing 4.4 billion people and up to 40% of the global GDP, China's One Belt, One Road project is not short on ambition.
Its boosters tout its massive economic promise and claim it could benefit the entire world and lift millions out of poverty.
But no one can say for sure what exactly the plan encompasses, and detractors warn it could be an expensive boondoggle at best or a massive expansion of Chinese imperial power at worst.
So what is One Belt, One Road?
No one is totally sure. At the most basic level, One Belt, One Road (OBOR) is a collection of interlinking trade deals and infrastructure projects throughout Eurasia and the Pacific, but the definition of what exactly qualifies as an OBOR project or which countries are even involved in the initiative is incredibly fuzzy.
"It means everything and it means nothing at the same time," said Christopher Balding, a professor of economics at Peking University.
"One Belt, One Road" includes a number of hugely ambitious projects, including a train line stretching from eastern China to London.
Why is it so unclear?
While it might have originally had a comprehensible thesis behind it, OBOR has become such a popular buzzword that it's next to impossible to lock down criteria for how any given project would or could fit into the overall initiative.
Chinese officials tend to mention it regardless of what they're trying to promote, like a US lawmaker talking about "freedom."
Chenggang Xu, a professor of economics at the Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, said it helps to think of OBOR as a "philosophy" or "party line," rather than anything concrete.
As an example of what an all-encompassing buzzword its become, state media has claimed OBOR will benefit: the Middle East peace process, start-ups in Dubai, currency trading, global poverty reduction, Xinjiang's medical industry, Australian hotels, nuclear power, Polish orchards, and, finally, the entire world.
Jörg Wuttke of the EU Chamber of Commerce in China, warned this week the initiative has increasingly "been hijacked by Chinese companies, which have used it as an excuse to evade capital controls, smuggling money out of the country by disguising it as international investments and partnerships."
...
Workers prepare the "Silk Road Golden Bridge" in Beijing for the upcoming Belt and Road Forum.
China's vast container ports will play a major role in "One Belt, One Road."
| | | | wherestip
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Local time: 10:15
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| QHE
યૂનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટસ્
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વિષયની શરૂઆત કરનાર
wherestip wrote: China's Grand Plan
http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/asia/china-one-belt-one-road-explainer/index.html
Just what is this One Belt, One Road thing anyway?
By James Griffiths, CNN
Updated 10:16 PM ET, Thu May 11, 2017
Hong Kong (CNN) Spanning more than 68 countries and encompassing 4.4 billion people and up to 40% of the global GDP, China's One Belt, One Road project is not short on ambition.
...
Why is it so unclear?
While it might have originally had a comprehensible thesis behind it, OBOR has become such a popular buzzword that it's next to impossible to lock down criteria for how any given project would or could fit into the overall initiative.
...
“一带一路”目前有几种英译法,包括One Belt,One Road Initiative及One Belt and One Road Initiative。虽然也有人译成Belt and Road Initiative,但前两种更为流行。
笔者认为,将“一带一路”译成One Belt,One Road Initiative或One Belt and One Road Initiative(下文将这两种译法统称为One Belt One Road译法),无论从翻译的“源语言”汉语角度还是从“目的语”英语角度审视,都欠妥当,宜及时更正。下面分别从这两个角度对此加以分析,并提出笔者的翻译建议。
从“源语言”汉语角度看,将“一带一路”翻译成One Belt One Road,是将这一结构中的“一”作为数量词“一”来理解。这不够准确,甚至是错误的。“一带一路”的简称虽然套用了汉语中常见的“一……一”式四字成语结构,但不同于这些成语。在这些成语中,“一”字表数的意义突出,或表示“单一”,如“一心一意”;或表示“每一”,如“一饭一粥”;或表示“同一”,如“一模一样”。而在“一带一路”中,“一”并没有实指意义,而是如《现代汉语八百词》所言,指代“抽象事物”,主要用以平衡句子结构。
汉语常用数字的形式对一些重要名词加以概括,如“四项基本原则”、“三个代表”、“两个一百年奋斗目标”、“四个全面”等。这种概括既符合语言的经济性和传播的简洁性原则,也是汉语讲求对称平衡特点的体现。并且,这些数字本身带有明确的数量含义。对于这些词语翻译,通常的做法也都是保留其数字。如前面几种名词一般分别译成Four Cardinal Principles(四项基本原则),Three Represents(三个代表),Two Centenary Goals(两个一百年奋斗目标),Four Comprehensives(四个全面)。但照此推理,若将“一带一路”译成One Belt One Road则不妥。很多国外媒体注意到了这一点,在翻译时直接将“一”字省去而译成Belt and Road Initiative。
我们再从“目的语”英语角度分析。国外媒体之所以很少用One Belt One Road的译法,是因为在英语中,one…one…结构中的one,主要表达数量意义,意为every,each,any(“每一个”、“任何一个”),如One person,one vote(一人一票);或为the same(同一),如One World,One Dream(同一个世界,同一个梦想)。因此,“一带一路”译成One Belt One Road很容易让英文读者照此类推,产生歧义。
正是看到了其中的问题,有人提出了不同的译法。澳大利亚前总理陆克文虽然没有完整翻译“一带一路”,但他建议在译法中保留Silk Road。我们认为,身为政治家和中国通,陆克文的见解值得重视。此外,外交部原副部长、现全国人大外事委员会主任委员傅莹在美国芝加哥大学举行的首届美中关系论坛发表的演讲中,将它译成land and maritime Silk Road programs,被认为是佳译。不过,傅译没有全部采用大写,也意味着,没有将它作为“一带一路”的正式译名使用。
我们认为,从传播学和语用学的角度,将“一带一路”战略构想译为Silk Belt and Road Initiative是较为理想的选择。这有以下三点理由:首先,它保留了举世皆知的Silk Road,使丝绸之路丰富而积极的联想意义得以保留。其次,它保留了不少人已经熟悉的Belt和Road两词,利于译文的传播及接受。再次,将Belt一词放在Silk之后,不但形神兼具,还可避免与美国的New Silk Road plan相混淆。
此外,笔者建议,将Silk Belt and Road Initiative缩写形式定为SBRIN,与spring(春天)和常用英文人名Sabrina音近,不但简单易记,而且让人富于正面联想。
来源：《中国社会科学报》 2015年08月13日
http://www.cssn.cn/yyx/yyx_ywjz/201508/t20150813_2118712.shtml
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